Method for metal working



s. D. MURPHY ET AL 2,068,563

METHOD FOR METALWORKING Jan. 19, 1937.

Filed May 28, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet l mm, SHIRLEY.D.MURPHY. FRANK V.OSBORN,

Jan. 19, 1937. s. D. MURPHY ET AL METHOD FOR METALWORKING Filed May 28,1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 lxlllll Ill Patented Jan. 19, 1937 PATENT oF'F l-ice "zjijssss 'M1215iioni oitMETAL WORKING S hiriey and Frank Osborn,Indianapolis, Ind.

Kpiilit'iation my 28, 1935, Serial No. 23,888 2 (flea-ms. (CI. 153 1) lln m i re at 1w .moldi m 'me mbei sito 'be"at tache d to variouslarticlesand especially to methods for making moldings. "Injbirtieular,itfrelates to composite molding strips hevirifg a" s'ur I ace layer orshell of different 'meterial fromithei material "within the strie; jan dM 91 9 mean i r a t n h ,mold e Strips 'to hefartiele ubon which thyare'mounted I I he: e tiei ib dv v.ef k rei m ing gmposite moldingconsisting oi rolling v a 'th ih H q n e let s rt n nliq mm o s' 'mb witn b n uv tip r' ir' d d t r dipr s n d wnt s eee the shell so that theylie fiat "against the base portion.

Anotherebjectis toproyide ameth'od of makihg "a 'I'itiliilii'igf strip"consisting of "rolling a thin striphf; metal "aro nd a thicker fiatEase rnetal strip "so that the edges Qff'the fshell bend around and newagainst the Qppositeside 19f 'tl iebase portion; then' for'mingthisassemblyi into acon- Veied form, I therebystretching "the seen overthe base metal and giving a smooth tightly ttaehe'd surface withoutindentations or iilarities; and "afterward clinching the edge of the:metal shell to"cau se them 1m lie flat ag nst "thejhase p mmjmese edges'hfaving been "raised "slightly during the oiieration of stretching theshell over tneb'aeboition.

mmppumre a continuation in 'partiof sweeteners; apiilic'at'ibh, "Ser.No. 746,868, filed October 4, 1934.

fIn' th'edr'awjngs; H H r H Figure "l is "a bottom berspeetive iew-ofthe ni iqiii iziember made by'the method proiii i vention, fshowing thefastener and p-areas of the article to which the inoldin'ginei'nber is'to beattached. h H o v I "Figure? isfa cross setio thryiuh the moldingmember shewn :Fi'gure'1,jlool%irigtoward the closedi efid of the fastenrhotch,

Figure "3 is a ver'ticaldongitudiiial "section through the rhhldingminberisho'wn in "Figure 2, takenalong the use 3 3 t'hereof. i

Figure 4jis a bottom plan view of the molding member shown in 1'to'3,inclusive.

Fiure 5 "is a bottom fiers'plctive viewer 1a modified forin of Shieldingmember shqwing a difier'ent tyiieof fastener from that empiaya in iife rFigure 6 is a nersneetive View "of another modified form 6f moldingmember, wherein the fastenen slidably engages the remaining portion ofthe molding member.

I Figure 7 is a section through another modified formofmolgiingmember,wherein the fastener consists of a screw, nail, rivetor cotterfpin fixedly secured to the base portion of the molding em erbe "Figure 8 is' a diagrammatic view 7 showing the firststepin'themethod of makingthe molding "member .of our invention, A

Figure 9* is a view similar m Figure 8, butilgl ustr'atirig themethodstep of .forming thehmoldi'nfg into its cenvexedshape, therebystretching the 'sui faeeshelltightlyfover thebase portion Figure 10 isaview similar toFigures e and 9,

but showing thea'dditional method operation. of

Ibe d nlgthefedgesj of the surface shelL which havebeen somewhat raisedduring the stretching operation, so tha't these edges again lie flatupon h bQ F H Q -J in -i :Ffig'fife. l'li e s n ht o h n h m difiedforth, o fjinoldingemember, wherein the inner edges ofthe'metal shellserve as'i langesf or the attachmerit of the molding member to thearticle upon 'whichitjis used.

r 112 e l ea i fd v on'or. ebaraius forstretehing and turning, over theedges of the nietal'shell uponth'e base portion. V V

Figure 13 is a' front end elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure,12.I

Figure 1 4 is a plan View, partly broken away, i

or the apparatus shown iniFigi ures 12 andl3.

Figure 15 isa right hand side elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure12.

Figure 16' is a vertical section along the irregmar line |6-l6 o fFigure 14. v V

In eeneral 'the device made by the method of our'inventiqn eonsistsbi amolding member, usua'll'y'an elongatedstrip, and. having fastenerssesuited to the underside thereof for attachment to thearticle iibonwhich itis mounted, The

fI'he fastener issecured to the underside ,of the molding, and ispreferably of such a form that it can be instantly fittedinto plape andti tened either by the mounting operation, or by a. simple manipulationor the fastener, hereinafter deseribed Molding members of this type "arefound highly iise'ful in "automobile bodies, radiators orrunning-boards; and also on refrigerators, showcases, boilers, stovesand other articles whereon such a molding might be employed.

Referring to the drawings in detail, Figure 1 shows the molding memberproduced by the method of our invention as consisting of the moldingproper, generally designated I, and the fastener, generally designated2. Also shown in Figure 1, in somewhat diagrammatic form, is a portion,generally designated 3, of the article to which the molding is intendedto be attached, a portion of an automobile running-board being shown forconvenience. consists of an outer shell i and an inner base portion 5,associated therewith. The edge portions 8 of the outer material 4 arebent around the edges of the base portion 5 in such a manner as to lieevenly against it. I

The outer portion comprising the shell. 4 is preferably of anon-corrosive and ornamental material, such as stainless steel. Sincethis material is very expensive, the provision of a thin layer thereofresults in a great economy as compared with the cost of making theentire molding from such material. At the same time, however, the baseportion 5 is made of a cheaper material with a suificient strength andof an adequate thickness to provide rigidity, a suitable material forthis purpose being cold-rolled steel. The composite or laminatedconstruction of our invention thus provides an article of the sameappearance as if it were made of expensive surface material throughout,and having sufficient strength yet without the high cost.

The molding portion I is attached to the article 3 by means of fasteners2 secured thereto. fastener shown in Figure 1 consists of a piece ofmetal having a bent portion I formed with a configuration correspondingto that of the base portion 5, so as to fit snugly against the latter.Projecting from the bent portion 7 is a portion 8 having a notch 9 withinclined edges, thereby forming a wedge-shaped notch. In the fastener 2of Figure 1, the projectingv portion 8 is made integral with the bentportion I by first cutting slits along the lines Ill and then bendingthe portion 8 outward, the lines II! then becoming the inner edges ofthe bent portion 1. I

The fastener 2 is fixedly secured to the base portion 5 in any suitablemanner, welding having been found satisfactory for this purpose. Inpractice, these fasteners 2 are secured to the molding portion I atpredetermined intervals, and are then welded in position. Theseintervals are preferably of the same spacing, or at least of a knownspacing, so that the article 3 may be provided with suitably spacedapertures II for receiving the projecting portions 8 of the fasteners 2.By this construction, the molding assembly, consisting of the moldingportion I and the fasteners 2, may be completely manufactured in onefactory and thereafter attached to articles 3 in another factory merelyby providing the slots I I in the article, and without any necessity onthe part of the operator, of spacing or assembling the fasteners 2 withrespect to the molding portion I.

In mounting the molding of our invention upon the article 3, theoperator merely aligns the molding with the projecting portions 8 of thefastener opposite the apertures H in the article 3. He then pushes thefastener portions 8 through the apertures II and slides the moldingsidewise. This sliding causes the wedge-shaped slot 9 to engage the endsof the aperture I I in such a manner as to draw the molding firmlyagainst the article 3.

The molding proper I The The modified form of molding member shown inFigure 5 is similar in principle to that shown in Figures 1 to 4,inclusive, but is provided with a fastener of somewhat differentconstruction. This fastener consists, as before, of a bent portion I anda projecting portion 8 formed therefrom by slotting the bent portion 1along the lines In. The projecting portion 8, however, is subjected tothe removal of additional material so that it is givena shape roughlyresembling the capital letter T. The upright portion 20 of this T-shaped projection 8 is formed by additionally slotting the metal alongthe lines 2|, 22 and 23, thereby cutting out rectangular pieces ofmetal. The fastener is then welded or otherwise fixedly secured to thebase portion 5 in the manner previously described. In assembling themodified molding shown in Figure 5, the forward portions 24 of theprojections 8 are slipped through the slots I I and twisted on theopposite side thereof, as by the use of pliers. This twisting operationalso tends to draw the molding portion I tightly against the article 3upon which it is mounted.

The modified form of molding member shown in Figure 6 is likewise for asimilar purpose as that shown in Figure 1, and similar parts are givencorresponding numerals. In the Figure 6 modification, however, the edgesI5 of the base portion 5 are flanged and the edges I4 of the surfacematerial bent around these flanges. The fastener is of a type generallysimilar to that shown in Figure 5, but its bent portion 25 is adapted toslide in the guideways provided between the flanged edges I5 and theinner surface of the base portion 5. It will also .be observed that thefastener of Figure 6 is made from a single piece of metal, bent intosuitable form. To this end the metal is slotted to remove a portionthereof, as at 26. The ends are then bent around to form the T-shapedprojection 21, after removing metal v nated 30. The head 3| of themember is fixedly secured to the base portion 5, as by welding, andthese members 30 are distributedat intervals along the strip. A seriesof round apertures 32 is then formed in the article 33 to which thedevice is to be attached; the ends of the bolts or other members 30 areslipped through these holes and the proper operation performed to securethese in place. In the molding shown in Figure '7 a bolt has beenillustrated, together with a nut 34 on the opposite side of the member33, but it will be understood that a rivet or cotter pin could beemployed, with the ends thereof upset, enlarged, or bent apart in anysuitable way.

The modified form of molding member shown in Figure 11 is similar tothat shown in Figure 1, with the exception of the fact that the edges ofthemetal shell are employed as flanges for the attachment of the entiremember to the article upon which it is to be used. To this end the baseportion 40 is provided either with rounded ends, as previously describedand shown in Figure 1, or preferably with fiat ends 4! upon which themetal shell 32 is bent, as at the corners 43 and 44, to form edgeportions 45. The portions 46 nearest with the inner-side of thebase-portion 40. The

ii shown in the figures.

edges 37 of the metal shell, however, are bent away from the baseportion-40 to form 'fla nges 48.

By-means of these flanges "any suitable fastener,-such as 2, shown'inFigure 2 may be inserted'and employed to holdthe molding in engagementwiththearticle,*suoh as 3 (Figure 1), in connection'withwhich itisto be used.

In making the molding portion, generally designated the steps oroperat-ions-diagrammatically shown in*Figures 8 to 10 are-followed. Inthis method a flat strip l2 of thebase material and a thin-strip l3 ofthe cover or "surface material are rolled togetherso that the edges I4of the latter "arebent aroundthe former and lie flat against it.

The article shown in Figure 8 is then subjected to a further rollingoperation to give it any desired convex shape, the curvedshapeshown in*Figure 9 being chosen for purposes of illustration. This operationcausesthe surface material l3 to be stretched-tightlyover-thebasematerial I2, due to the fact that it extends over a greater distancethan the inner material I2, whereas the edges of the latter servesomewhat to clamp the edges of the surface shell l3 during thisoperation. To some extent, however, the edges l4 become bent upwardduring this operation, as shown in Figure 9. Accordingly, the article isnow subjected to a further rolling operation to cause these edges is tolie flat against the inner surface of the base portion l2.

During the above operations the base portion H! has been provided withflanges l5 alongits edges, these being intended to serve the purpose ofthe construction shown in Figure 6. When t. re edges i i of the surfacematerial are again pressed into position after the convexing operationshown in Figure 9, the edges 14 are pressed firmly down against theinner surfaces of the flanged edges 55 on the base portion Hi. It willbe understood, however, that the flanged edges iii are omitted when themolding of the type shown in Figure 1 is made, the edges 6 being foldeddown against the edge of the base portion 5. It will be furtherunderstood that the shape of the molding may be of any desired form andnot necessarily of a cylindrical configuration, as The molding, forexample, may have flat or beveled portions instead of the curvedsurfaces, shown in the drawings. Such flat or beveled moldings have beenfound suitable for show-cases.

At the same time, our provision of a composite molding made bymechanically rolling a thin surface portion over a thicker base portionavoids the irregularities which would be present in welding such acoating to a base portion. The welding or other heat-attaching operationwould tend to make the surface coating of an unequal thickness and ofvarying strength, as well as to cause heat injury or discoloration tothe surface portion. In welding also the stretching effect of thesurface coating over the base portion would be absent since the heatwould release the tension. Accordingly, surface irregularities wouldtend to be present in a much greater degree than in the stretchedsurface coating of our invention.

Electroplating methods of depositing a surface coating also tend toresult in a surface coating of uneven thickness and one which dependsfor its upon the perfect engagement of the coating with the base metal.To obtain the surface coating of the same thickness, as provided in ourrolling machine.

invention; the electroplating operationwould also need tobe=undulyprotracted soas to deposit'a 'suflicientlythicklayer of metal,and this operation'dvoul'd therefore bevery expensive.

'Iheapparatus for transforming the metal shell and base frcmtheposition'shown in Figure 9 to that shown in- Figure 10 comprises theclinching device illustratedinFigures 12 to 16, inclusive.

It will be understood that the apparatus for transforming the flatcomposite strip of Figure 8 into the curved strip of Figure 9 consistsof cooperating grooved rolls of the kind known to those skilled intheart.

The apparatus consists of a base 50 which is adapted to be mounted uponthe bed 5i of the The-details of the rolling ma chine are not shown, butmerely comprise well "known means for feeding the composite metal"striptoandfrom the apparatus shown in Figures 12 to 15. The base Ed isprovided with an upright portion'52, havi'ng'spaced arms Stand 54projecting upwardly therefrom (Figure 12).

These-armsare bored,'as at 55, to receive the shaft 55. lhe latterserves to provide support for the rollers 57. The spaced arms 53 and 54are also additionally bored, as at 58 (Figures and 16) to receive theshaft 59. The latter serves as a pivot shaft for an L-shaped member,generally designated 63 (Figure 16). The lower arm 5! of this L-shapedmember is engaged by a coil spring 62 mounted in the bore 63 of the baseEfi. The opposite end of this coil spring 62 is provided with a cap 64,engaged by an adjusting screw 65, positioned within the threaded bore 66in the cross arm Bl. A locknut 68 holds the adjusting screw in anydesired position.

The ends of the cross arm 61 are bored, as at 69, (Figure 14) so as toreceive screws 10 which enter the threaded holes H in the base 50 andhold the cross arm 61 firmly against the base 50. The upper arm '12 ofthe L-shaped member 60 (Figure 16) is provided with an enlarged hole 73,surrounding the roller shaft 56 and spaced apart therefrom by asufficient distance to permit a certain amount of adjustment of the L-shaped member 69 around its pivot shaft 59 without engaging the rollershaft 5G.

The L-shaped member 60 is provided with an abutment 14 (Figures 15 and16), which serves as a stop for the end of the former 15 (Figures 14 and16). The former clamping member 15 is secured to the member 50 by meansof the screws 16 in the countersunk recesses T1 in the top surface ofthe former clamping member. The end of the clamping member 15 isprovided with an offset shoulder 18, whereas the upper portion of theupper arm 12 is likewise provided with a shoulder 19. These shouldersoverhang to provide a T-shaped transverse slot arranged to receive thebase 80 of the former, generally designated 8! (Figure 16).

The former 8! is provided with an upright portion 82 which serves tosupport the forming portion proper 83. The latter consists of atransverse member having a forwardly beveled portion 84 (Figure 14) sothat it and the upright portion 82 are T-shape in cross section.

In the use of the apparatus shown in Figures 12 to 16, inclusive, themolding member of Figure 9, with its inner edges it turned up, as shown,is fed over the former 8| so that the upper portion 83 thereof entersthe internal part of the molding. As the molding is moved over thismember 83, the edges I4 of the shell l3 (Figure 9) are forced firmlyinto engagement with the adiacent edges of the metal shell, stretchingthe shell l3 tightly over the metal base I2 and forcing the edges l4into firm contact therewith, as shown in Figure 10. The rollers 51,meanwhile, serve to assist the passage of the molding over the formerportion 84 and the lubricating cup, generally designated 85, serves toprovide lubricant through the elbow 86, to the interior of the rollershaft 56. The former portion 83 is forced downward toward the top of therollers 51 by the action of the coil spring 52 (Figure 16), whosetension may be adjusted by moving the screw 65.

It will be understood that we desire to comprehend within our inventionsuch modifications as may be necessary to adapt it to varying conditionsand uses.

Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A method of making a molding member including rolling a coveringportion upon a base portion, bending the edges of said covering portionaround the edges of said base portion, and forming the assembly thusmade to a different configuration, whereby to stretch said portion oversaid base portion and then applying clinching pressure in a directionsubstantially normal to the inner surfaces of the edges of the basemember, and thereby pressing a substantial width of the edges of saidcovering portion disposed inside said base portion, against the baseportion.

2. A method of making a molding member including rolling a coveringportion upon a base portion, bending the edges of said covering portionaround the edges of said base portion, forming the assembly thus made toa different configuration whereby to stretch said covering portion oversaid base portion, and applying pressure on opposite sides of the edgesof said base portion to clinch the edges of said covering portion intofirm engagement with said base portion.

SHIRLEY D. MURPHY. FRANK V. OSBORN.

